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Model-specific register : ウィキペディア英語版 | Model-specific register A model-specific register (MSR) is any of various control registers in the x86 instruction set used for debugging, program execution tracing, computer performance monitoring, and toggling certain CPU features. ==History== With the introduction of the 80386 processor, Intel began introducing "experimental" features that would not necessarily be present in future versions of the processor. The first of these were two "test registers" (T6 and T7) that allowed the 80386 to speed up virtual-to-physical address conversions. Three additional test registers followed in the 80486 (TR3–TR5) that enabled testing of the processor's caches for code and data. None of these five registers were implemented in the subsequent Pentium processor.〔 Alan Cruse, lecture notes, (Advanced Microcomputer Programming ) class, University of San Francisco, 2006〕 With the introduction of the Pentium processor, Intel provided a pair of instructions (rdmsr and wrmsr ) to access current and future "model-specific registers", as well as the CPUID instruction to determine which features are present on a particular model. Many of these registers have proven useful enough to be retained. Intel has classified these as ''architectural'' model-specific registers and has committed to their inclusion in future product lines.〔(Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual ) Volume 3: System Programming Guide, 325384-042US, Section 34.1, March, 2012.〕
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